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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution by natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It connects disciplines like genetics, palaeontology and microbiology. However, the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people regarding its fundamentals. This site clarifies the most fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? The modern understanding of evolution focuses on the gradual, cumulative changes that occur within populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number of organisms with beneficial traits, which allow them to live and reproduce in certain environments. This means that these organisms leave more offspring than those who don't have these beneficial traits. This could lead to a genetic mutation which could eventually lead to new species. The term “evolution” is usually associated with “survival-of-the most fittest” which implies that people who are more adapted to certain environmental conditions will have an advantage over those who are less well adapted. In actuality this is just one of the many ways that evolution can occur. Another way of using the word evolution is to suggest that species are able to move from one stage to the next. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. 에볼루션 게이밍 of evolution in science does not support this view. Instead the theory of evolution that is scientifically based is based on the changes that occur within populations over time, and these changes are caused by mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who supported this view. Others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, who created the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way that the higher forms of life could be derived from lower ones. To be able to be referred to as a theory, it must be able to stand up to rigorous tests and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been backed by countless scientific disciplines from geology to biology, chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is backed by the majority of scientists around the world. Many people are confused about the nature of the evolution theory particularly how it is connected with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is an explanation in science of the way living things change over time. It is based on few known facts: that more offspring are produced than can be surviving as individuals differ in their physical characteristics, and that they can pass on traits to the next generation. These findings are backed by a growing body of evidence drawn from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional geology and morphology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environment. It is the most widely supported and validated theory in science. Its predictions have been proved out by the fact that, for instance, more complex organisms tend to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism is in terms of survival and reproducing the more likely it is to pass its genes on to future generations. Some people oppose evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no reason to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious believers such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not only compatible with faith in God but can be enhanced by it (BioLogos 2014). In actual fact, a significant number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, some of who are respected evangelical Christian leaders are involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists contributed to the understanding a broad range of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and also the formation and function fossils. The word “theory” is sometimes used in a wrong sense to mean an assumption or speculation, when in fact it is a scientific hypothesis that has been systematically tested and refined over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiment or observations that have led to them. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out and so have the theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the genetically different individuals within a species over time. This change is the result of natural selection of individuals that are more adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes are more prevalent in the general population. This is sometimes described as “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the primary basis for evolutionary change. These mutations could occur at random, or under the influence of the environment. If mutations are random, the frequency of the resultant alleles could vary from generation to generation. When the mutation is beneficial it increases the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread across the population. These changes in allele frequency can lead to new species over time. The new species will then develop and evolve into new forms. This is a process called macroevolution. The creation of a new species is often due to changes in the environment that allow certain kinds of resources to become available or cause new environmental problems. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of new food and the necessity to defend themselves against predators. In a broader context the term “evolution” can be described as any change in the characteristics of living organisms over time. The change could be subtle, such as the development of new colors or a dramatic change, such as the formation of an organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally agree on the importance of genetic change in generating evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution occurs over a long period of time, usually millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that could speed up or slow down the process. For example the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that the evidence for this is overwhelming. What is the evidence for evolution? Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to back his theory of evolution. This evidence comes from fossils that demonstrate the evolution of living organisms over time. Additional evidence can be found in similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the most effective way to prove evolution. It demonstrates how species are closely related. Another way to prove it is homologous structures, which have a similar structures in different species but perform distinct functions such as the wings of bats and birds. The fact that different species develop and adapt to the same environment is also a sign of evolution. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans sport white fur coats that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolution that suggests that the species have common ancestors. Vestigial structures are another piece of evidence. They are the remains of an organism that may have served a purpose in the distant past. The human appendix, for example is an odour from an organ that was used to digest food. Natural selection is a process that causes the structures to shrink when they are no longer used. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution by observing and experimenting. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six different categories: directly observed changes at small scales biogeographic distributions and comparative anatomies, the fossil record and genetics. Each of these provides compelling evidence that evolution of life took place. Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. But, it's a fact. It is not just a theory; it is a powerful collection of decades of research and observation that has been proven and tested. Scientists continue to gather and study new information to better understand the history of the Earth's life regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will aid scientists understand how to prevent future catastrophes on the planet and how to make the most of the resources on our planet. It will also allow us to better serve the needs of the people living on the planet.